Most of what I write is on TheServerSide.
If your commit history looks like a guilt list of one word crimes then this guide is for you. Clear commit messages are the duct tape that holds version control together. They help code review, speed up bug hunts with git bisect, and stop future you from making questionable life choices when reading the repo history.
The subject is the elevator pitch for a commit. Aim for under 50 characters and use present tense verbs like Add Fix Update Remove. Think of the subject as a headline not a novel. Example:
git commit -m "Add user login handler"Put a blank line after the subject so tools and humans can breathe. The subject summarizes the what while the body explains the why. This keeps git log output readable and code reviewers less grumpy.
Diffs show what changed. Humans want to know why it changed. A sentence or two in the body that covers motivation, trade offs, and alternative approaches saves future archaeologists from guessing. If you fixed a hacky workaround mention the root cause and whether a follow up task is required.
Wrap lines near 72 characters so history tools display nicely. Use short bullet lists when enumerating related changes, side effects, or follow up steps.
Link to issue numbers when relevant. A simple phrase like Closes 123 makes automation happy and reduces manual follow up. If you introduce an API change call it out clearly with a label such as BREAKING CHANGE and the impact. That keeps integrators from discovering surprises at 2 AM.
Each commit should do one job. Small commits make git bisect useful and reverting painless. Massive commits stuffed with unrelated fixes lead to regret and long nights of blame allocation.
Tip - use a commit message template or a pre commit hook to enforce subject length and require a body when multiple files change. That prevents the tragic one liner that haunts repositories.
Follow these git tips and commit guidelines and your repository will thank you in reduced confusion and fewer angry code reviews. Also future you will be less likely to stab through time to fix your own mistakes.
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